Pursuing a Career as a Registered Nurse

Pursuing a Career as a Registered Nurse Confucius once stated, Choose a job you love, and you will never have to work a day in your life (Stevenson, 1987). Those profound words truly encourage the importance of choosing a career that one is passionate about in order to attain happiness. However, many individuals fail to recognize that they must be well-suited for their chosen career. While becoming a nurse may not be for everyone, the job can definitely be worthwhile. The abundance of demands and responsibilities that the job entails may be intimidating, but there are so many different opportunities within the nursing field that make it advantageous. Pursuing a career as a registered nurse will certainly be challenging, but it will be an extremely rewarding profession. A career in nursing is one that has a long history, although it has evolved over time into one of the most demanding careers in the medical field. A nurse is defined as a person formally educated and trained in the care of the sick or infirm, especially a registered nurse (Random House, 2001, p. 911). However, nursing has not always been considered a profession in which training or education was required. According to The New Book of Popular Science, in earlier times nurses were generally untrained, learning only what was needed for the specific situations in which they worked (2005, p. 482). Eventually, nursing transformed into a profession that entailed a great deal of knowledge and skill. Nursing as a modern profession can be traced back to the mid 19th century (The New Book of Popular Science, 2005, p. 482), as Florence Nightingale became known as one of the first pioneers of nursing. Nightingale cared for wounded British soldiers during the Crimean War, which showed the importan ce of skilled nursing and in 1860, the first nursing school, based on Nightingales methods, was founded in affiliation with Saint Thomas Hospital in London (The New Book of Popular Science, 2005, p. 482). Nursing schools gradually became more popular, and in 1872, Bostons New England Hospital for women and children established the first U.S. nursing school, which awarded a nursing diploma to Linda Richards, the first trained nurse in the U.S. (The New Book of Popular Science, 2005, p. 482). Since then, millions of men and women have entered the medical field as trained nurses, as it has proven to be an excellent career. While I have always had an interest in the medical field and a strong desire to care for and help people, being exposed to a hospital environment and observing a hospital staff allowed me to discover my desire of pursuing a career in nursing. The nurses, so intelligent, compassionate, and understanding, had not only provided their patients with necessary treatments, but offered them their utmost support and companionship. Knowing that I possess those attributes, it is that vision that has given me the drive and the willingness to help others. As an aspiring registered nurse, one must be committed to working diligently in preparation for her career. Although each approach is quite challenging, there are three educational routes to becoming an RN: 1) Two year associate degree programs offered by community, junior, and technical colleges. 2) Three year diploma programs offered by hospitals. 3) Four year bachelors degree programs offered by colleges/universities. These award the bachelors of science in nursing (BSN) degree (S. Wischnitzer E. Wischnitzer, 2005, p. 172). These three educational routes allow individuals to pursue a career as a registered nurse, while being able to choose a program that is tailored to suit their needs. Nevertheless, nursing students are all required to take several pre-requisites. For example, basic courses cover anatomy, physiology, sociology, English, psychology, philosophy, microbiology, and nursing concepts and techniques (S. Wischnitzer E. Wischnitzer, 2005, p. 172). If a student opts to e nroll in a four year bachelors degree program, they must also take courses in precalculus, chemistry (both general and organic), biology, anthropology, and epidemiology, as well as several advanced nursing courses (S. Wischnitzer E. Wischnitzer, 2005, p. 172). Regardless of which program a student is enrolled in, all prospective nurses must obtain a nursing license before they are able to work. To do so, candidates must pass a written state board examination after graduating from an accredited nursing school (S. Wischnitzer E. Wischnitzer, 2005, p. 172). While education is obviously an integral part of becoming a nurse, its important that nurses possess certain characteristics in order to be successful medical professionals. For example, the U.S. Department of Labor explains that nurses should be caring, sympathetic, responsible, and detail oriented. They must be able to direct or supervise others, correctly assess patients conditions, and determine when consultation is required. They need emotional stability to cope with human suffering, emergencies, and other stresses (2010-2011). Providing a student possesses these characteristics and is capable of doing well throughout her nursing program, she should be fully prepared to succeed in a career as a registered nurse. The job of a registered nurse is certainly one that involves a great deal of responsibilities. According to the U.S. Department of Labor, registered nurses treat patients, educate patients and the public about various medical conditions, and provide advice and emotional support to patients family members. RNs record patients medical histories and symptoms, help perform diagnostic tests and analyze results, operate medical machinery, administer treatment and medications, and help with patient follow-up and rehabilitation (2010-2011). However, depending on the nurses specialty and/or job location, her duties may vary. Therefore, a nurse must be able to apply her newly acquired knowledge and skills from school to the job of her choice. For example, registered nurses have a very wide choice of work settings these include hospitals of different types, nursing homes, schools, community health centers, public health offices, and industrial facilities (S. Wischnitzer E. Wischnitzer, 2005, p. 170). Fortunately, most nurses work in facilities that are clean and well lighted and where the temperature is controlled, although some work in rundown inner city hospitals in less than ideal conditions (Careers in Focus, 2006, p. 165). Nursing is definitely a very demanding job regardless of work setting, as it can be both physically and emotionally exhausting. For example, caring for patients often requires a great deal of strenuous activity, as patients who are ill are usually very weak. Additionally, nurses typically work long hours that include either twelve or eight hour shifts. Those in hospitals generally work any of three shifts: 7:00 A.M. to 3:00 P.M.; 3:00 P.M. to 11:00 P.M.; or 11:00 P.M. to 7:00 A.M (Careers in Focus, 2006, p. 165). Nurses also spend a large portion of their day either walking or standing, which is definitely physically taxing. Consequently, it is not unlikely for nurses to feel as though they are going to burn out. For example, one nurse reported t hat if you are doing a good job, it is mentally as well as physically exhausting, demanding you are going to burn out, as no one supports you you are always working, always on your feet, always thinking. It doesnt end ever your brain is always in overtime (Industrial Engineer, 2011). The abundance of work and the effort a nurse must put into her job may seem very unpleasant at times, but it is undoubtably a financially rewarding career. According to the New York State Department of Labor (2010), the average salary for a registered nurse working in New York City is $82,920. Furthermore, nurses are entitled to a fair amount of time off. As for vacation time, new employees earn 13 days per year, and bonus days are added each year for the first 7 years (NYS Department of Civil Service, 2011). Also, employees can earn 5 days of personal leave per year and sick leave can be accumulated to a maximum of 200 days (NYS Department of Civil Service, 2011). Registered nurses put an enormous amount of time and energy into helping people and providing patients with proper health care, proving that they are definitely deserving of a high salary and adequate time off. Despite the disadvantages of becoming a registered nurse, the various job opportunities and possibilities to advance make it a very desirable career choice. Besides the chance to help others and put ones skills to work, nursing offers diversity, ready availability of jobs, reasonable starting salaries, attractive employee benefits, a choice of educational programs, and plentiful financial aid (Tise, 1988). These advantages are usually very appealing to interested nursing students, as the field of nursing is extremely broad and offers so many different options. Furthermore, nurses typically enjoy interacting with different types of people on a daily basis. For example, a study showed that despite nurses decision to quit, they identified interactions with patients and families as being emotionally satisfying, and the loss of this interaction as their biggest regret since leaving practice (Mackusick Minick, 2010). However, patient interaction is not always so enjoyable, as RNs may be i n close contact with individuals who have infectious diseases (U.S. Department of Labor, 2009), which can be quite dangerous if one is not cautious. Nurses have also reported that they dislike the people they work with, which is evident in an article from Medsurg Nursing, which states unfriendly workplace was evidenced by nurses reporting issues of sexual harassment; verbal or physical abuse from co-workers, managers, or physicians in the workplace; and/or consistent lack of support from other RNs (Mackusick Minick, 2010). However, as with any career, it is important to understand that some co-workers are going to be more friendly than others. In addition to an unfriendly workplace, overwork and stress are common in nursing long hours, inconvenient hours, and little rest have always been a nurses lot (Tise, 1988). For example, researchers found that the average total sleep time between 12-hour shifts was only 5.5 hours (Healthcare Traveler, 2010), reiterating the fact that the job of a nurse is extremely exhausting. Moreover, nurses can be held legally accountable for providing the wrong medication to a patient even if ordered to do so by a doctor (Tise, 1988), which is definitely a rather unattractive aspect of nursing. Nevertheless, the disadvantages of becoming a nurse should not undermine the fact that nursing has a very promising future. Current projections are that employment of RNs is expected to grow faster than average for all occupations through 2012, and many jobs will result (S. Wischnitzer E. Wischnitzer, 2005, p. 172). The large amount of employment opportunities is attributed to a severe shortage of nurses, which will be exacerbated by the increasing numbers of baby boomer aged nurses who are expected to retire, creating more open positions than there are graduates of nursing programs (Careers in Focus, 2006, p. 165). In addition to benefiting from a very favorable job market, registered nurses have the opportunity to continue their education and advance in their career. With additional experience and training, an RN may move into a supervisory, management, or administrative position such as head nurse. Other potential directions for advancement include specialty training, especially in one of the advanced-practice nursing specialties (S. Wischnitzer E. Wischnitzer, 2005, p. 172). Of the various advancement opportunities, an advanced-practice nurse is the highest degree of specialty within the field of nursing. Advanced-practice nurses are highly trained specialists with one of four professional titles: clinical nurse specialist, nurse-anesthetist, nurse practitioner, or nurse-midwife (S. Wischnitzer E. Wischnitzer, 2005, p. 171). If a registered nurse decides to become an advanced-practice nurse, he or she must obtain a masters or doctorate degree. Many nurses choose to follow this career path, as it allows them to assume a higher ranking position with enormous financial benefits. It is evident that endeavoring towards a career as a registered nurse is demanding, but it will absolutely be worthwhile. I am definitely suited to become a registered nurse, as I am a hard-working and compassionate individual, which are characteristics that are imperative to achieve success in nursing. This upcoming fall, I will begin to actualize my goal of becoming a nurse, as I have chosen to attend Wagner Colleges nursing program. After earning a bachelors of science degree in nursing, I hope to someday further my education and become a nurse practitioner. I am certainly aware that it is a major commitment, but I am fully prepared for the challenge and will continue to work diligently to attain my goal. I am completely confident that I will someday be an excellent nurse, but above all, as a registered nurse, I intend to never have to work a day in my life.

Intel

Intel's strategy in DRAMS was to focus on product design and to be the first to market with the newest devices and DRAM technology. This allowed them to be a leader and charge significant price premiums, and proved to be a successful strategy for the first four generations of DRAMS. However, over time this became less effective as product life cycles shrank, so the time for competitors to offer a competing product became faster and once the competition â€Å"caught up† then prices would fall dramatically. In this industry, patents were ineffective at blocking competition.In addition to product design, Intel established itself as a leader in process technology. Because cutting edge product design ultimately meant more complex semiconductor technology, Intel needed to invest large amounts of capital to keep its manufacturing capabilities at a level that could support new innovations and complex production. It also took time for Intel to become comfortable with new production tec hnologies, during which yields (a key driver to manufacturing costs) would fall as they worked out new problems and optimized the processes.There are several factors that led to Intel's dramatic decline In DRAM market share teen 1974 and 1984, the ultimate reason being that Japanese competitors were able to introduce new products more rapidly which reduced Intel's position as a leader in the market since competitive offerings would follow so quickly after introduction of a new Intel device. Because of the high capital investments needed to produce new DRAMS, it was necessary to be first to market to be able to take advantage of higher prices as a market leader before competitors introduced similar technologies.One reason Japanese firms could introduce products more quickly is that they strategically invested heavily in manufacturing capabilities. By comparison, Japanese firms invested 40% of their sales revenue into plant and manufacturing equipment while U. S. Firms invested 22% of their sales revenue. Additionally, several of the Japanese firms created relationships and collaborated closely with equipment manufacturers, such as Nixon, to create and access superior production equipment before it was available in the united States.As a result of getting superior equipment, Japanese competitors had much higher production yields for DRAMS than U. S. Companies (as high as 80% for Japanese companies compared to maximum 60% for U. S. Impasse). Finally, Japanese competitors were also more adept at both developing process technologies and ramping up production capacity for DRAMS – for instance, their production yields were as high as 70-80% vs.. 50-60% for US firms in the sass, and this was a factor in driving costs.Intel leadership did not Immediately recognize the potential opportunities for microprocessors and their use in personal computers, but once this was discovered, the Intel team set several strategies In place to become a market leader. Their bigges t competitor, Motorola, had been selected as AppleS standard. Therefore when IBM entered the PC market, Intel and Motorola were huge competitors to become the innovation, but also invested heavily in sales and marketing efforts.Intel's decision to launch the sales effort, â€Å"Project CRUSH†, to gain design wins was instrumental in paving the way for Intel's future success in the microprocessor market, particularly because this sales campaign led to Intel securing a contract with MOM. Intel's DRAM strategy seemed to be â€Å"If we build it, they will come†, whereas the new microprocessor strategy was more â€Å"If we build it, let's make sure they come†. Intel's strategic partnership with IBM was hugely instrumental in Intel's strategy to gain a competitive advantage in microprocessors.IBM led the market in the personal computer market in the early sass and Vim's strategy to expand rapidly and gain market share provided the perfect environment for Intel to grow in tandem. Whereas Intel did not invest in defensive efforts and technology to maintain its competitive advantage in DRAMS, despite winning a major contract with IBM for microprocessors, Intel continued to invest in aggressive marketing against its competitors?particularly Motorola?to maintain its competitive advantage.Another strategy that Intel employed to gain a competitive advantage in microprocessors was to create a network effect and develop a network of suppliers to help produce chips for Intel. Intel learned from its experience with DRAMS production that it was expensive to ramp up production capacity and made a decision for microprocessors to license with other companies to produce chips to meet demand. Although this strategy meant that Intel only received a fraction of the total revenues and profits, Intel was able to meet demand in the rapidly growing PC business and could continue to win contracts and grow overall market share.Leadership also continued to invest in Inte l's internal production capabilities so that Intel could produce a higher proportion of later models of microprocessors in-house to gain more profits. This strategy bought Intel time to really establish itself and the top supplier of microprocessors and also work on its manufacturing capabilities so that by the time Intel produced the 386, it was ready to produce the 386 without licensing. This required major investments and attention to improving internal sources and operation coordination, but Intel was able to make business decisions, such as higher price setting, that covered this investment.

Grapes of Wrath Essay

In Grapes of Wrath, John Steinbeck wrote about the Joads and their forced migration from Oklahoma to California. They were forced to leave their simple farming life because of the Great Depression. Through the struggles of the members and friends of the Joads, Steinbeck was able to portray an undesirable, yet accurate picture of America in the early twentieth century. Thus, this story is considered as one of the most powerful social novels in human history. But, Steinbeck did not just describe the country where he lived. In the later part of the novel, Steinbeck crafted a political message that is intended to change the present and unacceptable state of America. In Nobody Knows My Name, James Baldwin wrote a series of essays about the experiences, thoughts, and struggles of an African-American deep in the heart of Europe. The collection of essays appears to be a rite of passage for Baldwin who did not want to be labeled as a Negro writer, but simply an American writer. But, through the series of essays, Baldwin wove together his own political message, which wanted to radically shift the point of view of society about what America is all about. In both pieces of literature, it can be found that the written works of art are not just mere expressions of the authors’ creativity. This is because a simple creative expression is wandering and aimless. The written art is similar to a powerful sword that can be wielded to effect political and social changes, but this figurative sword obeys the authors’ personal views that are derived from their personal experiences. Despite the personal basis of the authors’ opinions, the political nature of the written art is needed in societies that are thrown in the midst of division and conflict because the political nature of written art serves as a guiding beacon of light, both for the ordinary citizens and for the political leaders. Steinbeck’s Grapes of Wrath has many interpretations that originate from varying perspectives, such as religious, economic, social, political, and personal. The same could be said of Baldwin’s Nobody Knows My Name. Different and numerous interpretations of literary works are acceptable because that is the nature of all literary works and the authors could not be confronted and asked to choose which interpretation is the most accurate. It is probable that Steinbeck purposely wove a novel that is a mosaic of several messages. And it is also probable that Baldwin delved into different issues and each essay in the said collection might be about more than one perspective. But, in comparing the novel and the essay collection, the two perspectives that will be analyzed are the similar personal and the political beliefs of the authors about the American society. Both Steinbeck and Baldwin see a divided American society. In Steinbeck’s novel, the division is between the rich and the poor. This division is felt sharply in the Great Depression when the rich and powerful preyed on the desperation of the poor people. The reputed rich grape vineyards in California became attractive to the Joads and other poor people who are suffering the pangs of hunger due to the poor harvest. The house was dead, and the fields were dead† (Steinbeck, 135). The family chose to uproot themselves and went to California. But, the vineyards did not deliver the promise of providing enough food security for the people. Instead, the Joads toiled hard, day and night, but remained poor, oppressed, and discriminated. In Baldwin’s essay, the division is between the Blacks and the White. The Civil War has ended but the discrimination against the Black Americans remained. Many Americans gave lip service to the concept of equality and assimilation, but it is far more difficult to remove the generations-old dogma of Blacks being an inferior race. Hoping to achieve the desired state of equality, the Blacks fought by excelling in the fields of sports, music, and literature. But this was not enough. Instead, the Blacks continued to endure discrimination. The nature of the division that was described by Steinbeck may not be exactly the same as the division described by Baldwin. But the division and the conflict are strongly felt. And because of the presence of the conflict, America is not united. Unfortunately, there are more conflicts that exist other than the conflict between people of different races and people who come from different socio-economic status. There are conflicts based on gender, education, and sexual orientation. â€Å"The tensions of American life, as well as the possibilities, are tremendous† (Baldwin, 11). But what could be the long-term implications of having a divided country? Both Steinbeck and Baldwin predicted that the present divisions in America would lead to overwhelming wrath that might destroy society. In Steinbeck’s novel, the poor finds that many of their opportunities are kept away from them or wasted away by the rich and powerful. â€Å"The people come with nets to fish for potatoes in the river, and the guards hold them back †¦ in the eyes of the hungry there is a growing wrath† (Steinbeck, 477). It is suggested that the travels of Steinbeck revealed to him the desolate state of his country and the increasing resentment of the poor. In Baldwin’s essay Fifth Avenue, Uptown: a Letter from Harlem, he described the rotting and festering social situation of Harlem, the corner of the world where he grew up. Baldwin drew upon his experiences and observations when he was still living in Harlem to create this essay that depicts the oppression that the Whites wielded through the police. The policemen â€Å"represent the force of the white world †¦ the black man corralled up here, in his place† (Baldwin, 57). The Blacks have began to realize that they were being discriminated and that the basic right to human dignity was been taken away from them through the selfish and callous way that the Whites treated them in the past decades. But, instead of being apologetic, the Whites, being the majority, demanded assimilation. It would be inevitable that the Blacks would feel resentment. And with resentment, there would be a burgeoning anger. Steinbeck and Baldwin are personally aware of the negative effects of the existing conflicts in their societies. They knew that anger would be fermented. There is a limit to the patience of the people who are being oppressed. What then should Americans do with the existing conflicts in their country? Both Steinbeck and Baldwin personally believed that there must be a radical political change in the country, but for any radical change to happen, there should also be a radical change within each individual American. In Steinbeck’s novel, there were many characters that underwent changes throughout the story. However, the character that underwent the most radical change was Rose of Sharon, who, after suffering from the loss of her own child, has agreed to nurse an old man. â€Å"Then she lay down beside him. He shook his head slowly from side to side. Rose of Sharon loosened one side of the blanket and bared her breast† (Steinbeck, 619). This last scene in Steinbeck’s novel often elicits a violent reaction from readers. But, upon reflection, it was the most humane act of all. The violent reaction occurred simply because many readers are trapped within the bounds of society’s conventions. Without these conventions, the readers will be rid of preconceptions that prevent them from reaching out to other people. Without preconceptions, the division between the poor and the rich would eventually disappear. In Baldwin’s essays, the personal change that he wanted to obtain is to prevent the self from following the tides of anger that will sweep and destroy the country. Thus, instead of wearing the easy cloak called Negro writer, he chose to create a new one, the American writer. He found that the American writers of his time lack the sense of purpose that a literary artist should have. This is because the American writer, similar to the many readers of Steinbeck, is trapped by conventions of society. Baldwin believes that unless the American writer â€Å"is released from the habit of flexing his muscles and proving that he is just a regular guy that he realizes how crippling this habit has been† (Baldwin, 6). If all Americans will remove the concept of race from their minds, they will find that there is no Negro problem after all. The concept of effecting an individual change prior to achieving a wider social change evolved primarily from the personal experiences of the authors and from their observations. These were distilled to create the plot of the novel and the subject of the essays. As influential authors, were Steinbeck and Baldwin ethically appropriate in creating literary works that came from their personal experiences and personal political beliefs? The answer is an affirmative. The literary artist must take his own personal history, distill truth from his experiences, and use his insights responsibly by sending a political and social message to the rest of the world.

Bystander Effect A Social And Psychological Phenomenon

The bystander effect is both a social and psychological phenomenon in which an individual’s inclination towards showing helping behaviours are minimised by the influence of other people. Research has found that the more people acting as bystanders in a situation, the less likely it is that helping behaviours will be demonstrated. However in the correct conditions, where conditioned cues increase self-awareness, it is possible to reverse the bystander effect phenomenon. The bystander effect is prevalent in everyday life, and often decorates the news, shocking the world, especially when authority figures such as police men and women succumb to the effect. Diffusion of responsibility, ignorance of others interpretation of an event and self-consciousness are all social processes which appear to lead to social inhibition of helping behaviours and one of the main theories of the bystander effect is provided Latanà © and Darley (1970) whose cognitive model provides a series of deci sions that can lead to social inhibition. The bystander effect is influenced by the conditions an individual is in when an event occurs, for example the bystander effect appears to be most dominant when an individual is in a group of strangers with low group cohesiveness. FINISH The bystander effect affects human beings as a distinguishing feature of the species in comparison to others is how important social aspects of human life is, as much of society is based around groups, relationships, andShow MoreRelatedSocial Psychologists : Bystander Effect1446 Words   |  6 Pages The term used by social psychologists – bystander effect or bystander apathy may answer the question what makes people to ignore others in need of help, and why? The bystander effect is a phenomenon in which people are less likely to assist another individual in an emergency situation when other individuals or bystanders are present (Schneider, Coutts, Gruman, 2013). 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